Hantavirus symptoms

Recognising hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) early saves lives. Symptoms appear 1–5 weeks after exposure and progress fast.

Prodromal (Day 1–5)

High fever

38–40°C, sudden onset, often the first sign.

Severe muscle pain

Especially thighs, hips, lower back, shoulders.

Fatigue

Profound exhaustion, dizziness, chills.

Headache & GI

Headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Cardiopulmonary (Day 4–10) — CRITICAL

Shortness of breath

Rapid onset. CALL 112/911 IMMEDIATELY.

Cough

Dry, then productive as fluid fills the lungs.

Low blood pressure

Cardiogenic shock can develop within hours.

Cyanosis

Blue lips/fingertips — oxygen failure.

Recovery or fatal outcome

ICU support

Mechanical ventilation, ECMO if available.

Diuretic phase

Survivors clear fluid over 1–2 weeks.

Long convalescence

Full recovery may take months.

Mortality

HPS CFR 35–50% even with intensive care.

When to seek emergency care

Any shortness of breath, chest tightness, or rapid breathing in someone who may have been exposed to rodents, dust, or the MV Hondius outbreak — call 112 (Europe) or 911 (USA) immediately. Tell the operator you suspect hantavirus.