How hantavirus spreads

Transmission routes summarised from CDC, WHO and ECDC technical documents. This is general information, not medical advice.

Aerosolised rodent excreta
Inhaling tiny particles from dried urine, droppings or saliva of infected rodents. Most common route for HPS.
Contaminated dust
Sweeping or vacuuming infested cabins, sheds, attics or barns can re-aerosolise virus.
Direct contact
Touching contaminated surfaces then mouth, nose or eyes. Bites from infected rodents are rare.
Contaminated food/water
Documented but uncommon — food stored where rodents have access.
Human-to-human (Andes virus only)
Limited person-to-person transmission has been documented for Andes virus in Argentina/Chile.

Reduce your risk

  • Seal openings ≥6 mm in homes, sheds and outbuildings.
  • Never sweep dry rodent droppings — wet with bleach (1:10) first, then wipe.
  • Wear an N95/FFP2 respirator and gloves when cleaning rodent-infested spaces.
  • Air out cabins and storage rooms 30+ minutes before entering.
  • Store food in sealed containers; remove rodent food sources.

Related: Symptoms · Human-to-human transmission · Andes virus